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首页> 外文OA文献 >Relationships between Root Pathogen Resistance, Abundance and Expression of Pseudomonas Antimicrobial Genes, and Soil Properties in Representative Swiss Agricultural Soils
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Relationships between Root Pathogen Resistance, Abundance and Expression of Pseudomonas Antimicrobial Genes, and Soil Properties in Representative Swiss Agricultural Soils

机译：代表性瑞士农业土壤中根系病原菌抗性，假单胞菌抗菌素基因的丰度和表达与土壤性质的关系

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Strains of Pseudomonas that produce antimicrobial metabolites and control soilborne plant diseases have often been isolated from soils defined as disease-suppressive, i.e., soils, in which specific plant pathogens are present, but plants show no or reduced disease symptoms. Moreover, it is assumed that pseudomonads producing antimicrobial compounds such as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) or phenazines (PHZ) contribute to the specific disease resistance of suppressive soils. However, pseudomonads producing antimicrobial metabolites are also present in soils that are conducive to disease. Currently, it is still unknown whether and to which extent the abundance of antimicrobials-producing pseudomonads is related to the general disease resistance of common agricultural soils. Moreover, virtually nothing is known about the conditions under which pseudomonads express antimicrobial genes in agricultural field soils. We present here results of the first side-by-side comparison of 10 representative Swiss agricultural soils with a cereal-oriented cropping history for (i) the resistance against two soilborne pathogens, (ii) the abundance of Pseudomonas bacteria harboring genes involved in the biosynthesis of the antimicrobials DAPG, PHZ, and pyrrolnitrin on roots of wheat, and (iii) the ability to support the expression of these genes on the roots. Our study revealed that the level of soil disease resistance strongly depends on the type of pathogen, e.g., soils that are highly resistant to Gaeumannomyces tritici often are highly susceptible to Pythium ultimum and vice versa. There was no significant correlation between the disease resistance of the soils, the abundance of Pseudomonas bacteria carrying DAPG, PHZ, and pyrrolnitrin biosynthetic genes, and the ability of the soils to support the expression of the antimicrobial genes. Correlation analyses indicated that certain soil factors such as silt, clay, and some macro- and micronutrients influence both the abundance and the expression of the antimicrobial genes. Taken together, the results of this study suggests that pseudomonads producing DAPG, PHZ, or pyrrolnitrin are present and abundant in Swiss agricultural soils and that the soils support the expression of the respective biosynthetic genes in these bacteria to various degrees. The precise role that these pseudomonads play in the general disease resistance of the investigated agricultural soils remains elusive.
机译：通常从定义为抑制疾病的土壤（即存在特定植物病原体但土壤中未显示或减轻疾病症状的土壤）中分离出产生抗菌素代谢产物并控制土壤传播的植物病害的假单胞菌菌株。此外，假定产生抗微生物化合物如2,4-二乙酰基间苯三酚（DAPG）或吩嗪（PHZ）的假单胞菌有助于抑制性土壤的特定抗病性。但是，在土壤中还存在产生抗微生物代谢产物的假单胞菌，这些细菌会导致疾病。目前，尚不清楚产生抗菌剂的假单胞菌的丰度是否以及在何种程度上与普通农业土壤的一般抗病性有关。而且，关于假单胞菌在农田土壤中表达抗菌基因的条件实际上一无所知。我们在此展示了10种具有谷类作物种植历史的代表性瑞士农业土壤的第一个并排比较的结果，这些土壤是（i）对两种土壤传播的病原体的抗性，（ii）假单胞菌细菌携带的基因涉及大量抗菌剂DAPG，PHZ和吡咯菌素在小麦根部的生物合成，以及（iii）支持这些基因在根部表达的能力。我们的研究表明，土壤抗病性的水平在很大程度上取决于病原体的类型，例如，对小麦（Gaeumannomyces tritici）具有高度抗性的土壤通常极易受到终极腐霉的影响，反之亦然。土壤的抗病性，携带DAPG，PHZ和吡咯硝菌素生物合成基因的假单胞菌细菌的丰度与土壤支持抗菌素基因表达的能力之间无显着相关性。相关分析表明，某些土壤因素（如淤泥，粘土，一些常量和微量营养素）会影响抗菌素基因的丰度和表达。两者合计，这项研究的结果表明，在瑞士的农业土壤中存在并大量产生DAPG，PHZ或吡咯硝菌素的假单胞菌，这些土壤在不同程度上支持了这些细菌中各自生物合成基因的表达。这些假单胞菌在所研究的农业土壤的总体抗病性中所起的确切作用仍然难以捉摸。

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